Four findings from a decade of the state budget — extracted from the Detailed Estimates of Expenditure, reconciled across Python, R, and DuckDB.
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In 2024-25, Karnataka actually spent ₹368,397 crore — 99.4% of the ₹370,658 crore it budgeted. These five demands account for most of it.
Top 5 demands by 2024-25 actuals, INR crore. Source: canonical_numbers.json (onboarding).
Health (major heads 2210 + 2211) across the plan (BE), the mid-year revision (RE), and what was actually spent (Actuals). Since 2022-23, actuals have run below the budget estimate.
Health spending by fiscal year, INR crore. Actuals end 2024-25; later years are plan/revision only. Source: q1_health.
Salaries, pensions, and interest are committed expenditure — hard to cut. Their share of total spending rose from 23% in 2014-15 to 25% in 2024-25.
Committed expenditure (actuals), INR crore, with committed share of total. Source: q2_committed.
Comparing 2014-15 actuals with 2024-25, some demands grew many times over. Energy rose roughly 37×, from ₹852 to ₹31,438 crore.
Demands with the largest absolute growth, 2014-15 vs 2024-25 actuals, INR crore. Source: q3_demand.
Every figure here is summed only from additive leaf rows (type_of_table = object_head, row_type = Data, row_level = Object-Head) — totals and summary rows are excluded, so nothing is double-counted. The four analyses are implemented three times, in Python, R, and DuckDB, and must agree to the paisa.
New to the data? Read the visual guide, or reproduce these numbers with make -C examples reproduce. Generated from canonical_numbers.json.